We live in an age of convenience, where a simple tap or scan can handle everything from payments to parking. That’s why QR codes are everywhere: restaurant menus, event tickets, product packaging, and even business cards. They offer quick access to websites, payment portals, and contact information with just a simple scan. Need to pay for street parking? Just scan the QR code. Grabbing lunch? Scan the code on the table to browse the menu or pay your bill without waiting for the server. There is no doubt they make life more convenient. But while QR codes are a shortcut to convenience, they’re also becoming a shortcut for scammers to steal your sensitive information.
Here’s how cybercriminals exploit QR codes and, more importantly, how to protect yourself.
How Scammers Exploit QR Codes
Most of us trust QR codes without giving them much thought. Unfortunately, that’s exactly what scammers are counting on. Here are some ways cybercriminals manipulate QR codes to steal sensitive information:
1. Fake QR Code Stickers
Scammers often place fraudulent QR code stickers over legitimate ones, leading unsuspecting users to malicious websites. For example, they might stick their malicious code over a legitimate one at a parking meter or on a restaurant menu. When you scan the fake code, it may direct you to a fraudulent payment page or a phishing website designed to steal your personal or financial details.
2. Phishing Attacks via QR Codes
Instead of sending phishing emails with suspicious links, scammers use QR codes to lead users to fake websites that look legitimate. These sites often ask for login credentials, banking information, or other personal data.
3. Malware Distribution
Some QR codes trigger automatic downloads of malicious software, compromising your device and exposing your data to hackers in a matter of seconds. These QR codes are typically found on public posters, business flyers, or even inspire emails claiming to be from trusted sources. Once scanned, the malware could grant cybercriminals access to your files, track your keystrokes (making it easy to steal passwords), or even take control of your phone.
4. Payment Scams
Scammers love to trick people into making payments to the wrong place. They do so by replacing legitimate payment QR codes with their own, redirecting funds to their accounts instead of the intended recipient. This is especially common at small businesses, parking meters, or charity donation sites. For instance, they might stick up a fraudulent QR code claiming to be a charity donation link or disguise it as a bill payment QR code.
How to Protect Yourself from QR Code Scams
The good news is you don’t need to ditch QR codes altogether. Although these scams can be sneaky, here are a few precautions you can take to avoid falling victim:
1. Double-Check Before You Scan
Always inspect a QR code before scanning it, especially if it’s in a public place or on a printed document. If it looks tampered with (like a sticker placed over another code), don’t scan it and verify with a staff member if possible.
2. Avoid Scanning Codes From Unknown Sources
It’s tempting to scan QR codes you come across, especially if they promise discounts, freebies, or useful information. But if you don’t trust the source, resist the urge. Stick to codes from reliable outlets and avoid the ones from unsolicited messages.
3. Preview Links Before Clicking
Some smartphones and QR code scanner apps allow you to preview the URL before clicking on it. Check if the link looks legitimate. If the URL seems odd, misspelled, or unrelated to what you were expecting, don’t proceed.
4. Keep Your Phone’s Security Software Updated
Make sure your phone’s operating system and security software are up to date. This helps protect your device from malware if you accidentally scan a harmful code.
5. Don’t Share Personal or Payment Info
If a QR code directs you to a website that asks for personal information, think twice. Generally, most legitimate businesses won’t ask you to share sensitive details through a QR-code-linked website. If you are making a payment, like at a restaurant, always verify the recipient’s details before proceeding. If possible, confirm with the business that the QR code is legitimate.
6. Use a Secure QR Code Scanner
Some QR code scanner apps come with built-in security features that screen links for malicious content before opening them. It’s worth downloading a trusted app to safeguard your scans.
7. Be Wary of Unsolicited QR Codes
If someone sends you a QR code out of the blue — whether through email, text, or social media — be cautious. Confirm with the sender (via another method) that the code is legitimate before scanning it.
8. Tweak Device Settings
Adjust your device settings to ask for permission before downloading files. Here’s how you can do it:
- For Apple (iOS) Devices:
- Go to Settings > Safari.
- Scroll down to Downloads and select Ask Before Downloading to ensure no files are downloaded without your approval.
- Additionally, enable Fraudulent Website Warning under Privacy & Security to help detect malicious sites.
- For Android Devices:
- Open Settings > Apps & Notifications (or Apps on some models).
- Tap Special App Access > Install Unknown Apps.
- Select your browser or QR scanner app and ensure “Ask before installing” is enabled.
- You can also go to Chrome > Settings > Safe Browsing and enable Enhanced Protection to get warnings about potentially harmful sites.
Remember, if something feels off about a QR code, it’s better to err on the side of caution. A few extra seconds of scrutiny can save you from a world of trouble, protecting your personal data, your finances, and your peace of mind.
